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- darthcashmoney0
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Iraq was carved out of the old (A Turkish sultanate of southwestern Asia and northeastern Africa and southeastern Europe; created by the Ottoman Turks in the 13th century and lasted until the end of World War I; although initially small it expanded until it superseded the Byzantine Empi) Ottoman Empire by direction of the (A monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland) UK government on January 10 1919, and on November 11, 1920 it became a (Click link for more info and facts about League of Nations mandate) League of Nations mandate under British control with the name "State of Iraq".
At the end of the war, ownership of and access to Iraq's (A dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons) petroleum was split five ways: 23.75% each to the (A monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland) UK, (A republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe) France, The (A constitutional monarchy in western Europe on the North Sea; achieved independence from Spain in 1579; half the country lies below sea level) Netherlands and the (The army of the United States of America; organizes and trains soldiers for land warfare) USA, with the remaining 5% going to a private oil corporation headed by (Click link for more info and facts about Calouste Gulbenkian) Calouste Gulbenkian. The Iraqi government got none of the nation's oil. This remained the situation until the revolution of 1958.
The British government laid out the institutional framework for Iraqi government and politics; the Iraqi political system suffered from a severe legitimacy crisis; Britain imposed a (Click link for more info and facts about Hashemite) Hashemite monarchy, defined the territorial limits of Iraq with little correspondence to natural frontiers or traditional tribal and ethnic settlements, and influenced the writing of a constitution and the structure of parliament. Britain also had to put down a major revolt ( also known as the Arab revolt) against foreign rule between 1920 and 1922, resorting to aerial bombardment of Iraqi villages before control was established. These operations, in which it is alleged poison gas was used, were led by the future prime minister W.Churchill.